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Tunisian Arabic, or Tunisian, is a set of dialects of Maghrebi Arabic spoken in Tunisia.〔 It is known by its 11 million speakers as ''Tounsi'' (:ˈtuːnsi),〔Gibson, M. (2009). Tunis Arabic. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 4, 563–71.〕 "Tunisian",〔Written in Arabic script as or in Latin script (''Arabizi'') as '〕 or as ''Derja'',〔Like the other Maghrebi dialects that are called ''Derja'' by all their Native Speakers〕 "colloquial dialect" to distinguish it from standard Arabic, the official language of Tunisia. As part of a dialect continuum, Tunisian merges into Algerian Arabic and Libyan Arabic at the borders of the country. Tunisian Arabic's morphology, syntax, pronunciation and vocabulary are quite different from standard or classical Arabic.〔 Like other Maghrebi dialects, it has a vocabulary that is mostly Arabic with a significant Berber substratum. However, Tunisian has also a significant Latin component,〔 Tilmatine Mohand, ''Substrat et convergences: Le berbére et l'arabe nord-africain'' (1999), in ''Estudios de dialectologia norteafricana y andalusi 4'', pp 99–119〕〔 as well as many loanwords from French,〔(Zribi, I., Boujelbane, R., Masmoudi, A., Ellouze, M., Belguith, L., & Habash, N. (2014). A Conventional Orthography for Tunisian Arabic. In Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), Reykjavik, Iceland. )〕 Turkish,〔 Italian〔 and Spanish.〔 Tunisian Arabic is mostly intelligible to speakers of other Maghrebi dialects but is hard to understand or is unintelligible for speakers of middle eastern Arabic.〔 Due to multilingualism within Tunisia and in the Tunisian diaspora, it is not uncommon for Tunisians to code-switch, mixing Tunisian with French, English, standard Arabic or other languages into their daily speech.〔(Daoud, M. (2001). The language situation in Tunisia. Current Issues in Language Planning, 2(1), 1–52. )〕 Within some circles, Tunisian Arabic has thereby integrated new French and English words, notably in technical fields, or replaced old French and Spanish loans with standard Arabic words.〔〔 However, code-switching between Tunisian Arabic and modern standard Arabic is mainly made by more educated and upper-class people and has not negatively affected the use of more new French and Spanish loanwords in Tunisian.〔 Moreover, Tunisian Arabic is closely related to Maltese,〔Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander ''Maltese'' (1997:xiii) "The immediate source for the Arabic vernacular spoken in Malta was Muslim Sicily, but its ultimate origin appears to have been Tunisia. In fact, Maltese displays some areal traits typical of Maghrebi Arabic, although during the past eight hundred years of independent evolution it has drifted apart from Tunisian Arabic".〕 which is not considered to be a dialect of Arabic for sociolinguistic reasons.〔Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). Maltese. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-02243-6.〕 ==Classification== Tunisian Arabic is part of the Arabic languages family and is comprised by that in the Afroasiatic family.〔 It belongs, particularly, to the Semitic languages branch.〔 Furthermore, it is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialects which are mostly unintelligible to standard or middle eastern Arabic, just like Moroccan Arabic and Algerian Arabic.〔 It is also considered to be a mostly hilalian set of dialects, because it was affected by the immigration of Banu Hilal in the 11th century, as were other Maghrebi dialects.〔〔 As a part of the Arabic dialect continuum, it is reported that Tunisian Arabic is partly mutually intelligible with Algerian Arabic,〔 Libyan Arabic〔 and Maltese.〔 However, it is little to not intelligible with Moroccan Arabic,〔 Egyptian Arabic,〔 Levantine Arabic,〔 Iraqi Arabic,〔 and Gulf Arabic.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tunisian Arabic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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